Nuclear power is back in the global spotlight in 2025. As the world faces rising energy demand, climate change, and geopolitical tensions, nuclear energy is gaining new importance. Countries are investing in new reactors, extending the life of old plants, and exploring advanced technologies.
The Global Nuclear Power Landscape in 2025
Nuclear power is expanding worldwide. In 2025, about 440 commercial nuclear reactors are operating in roughly 30 countries, providing around 400 gigawatts (GW) of electricity capacity. This marks a steady increase from previous years, with more than 60 reactors under construction and over 70 GW of new capacity expected to come online soon. Over 40 countries are actively planning to expand their nuclear energy programs, reflecting a surge in interest not seen since the oil crisis of the 1970s.
China leads the world in planned nuclear expansion, with nearly half of all new reactors set to be built there. Other countries making significant investments include India, South Korea, France, and the United States. In Europe, nations like Belgium and Finland are extending the lifetimes of existing reactors, while Japan is restarting plants that were previously offline.
Nuclear Power Generation Hits Record Highs
Power generation from nuclear plants is reaching new records in 2025. The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that global nuclear electricity generation is expected to grow by nearly 3% annually through 2026, hitting an all-time high this year. This growth is driven by the restart of reactors in Japan, increased output from France, and new plants coming online in China, India, and South Korea.
By 2035, global nuclear capacity is forecast to rise from 395 GW in 2024 to 494 GW, with nuclear electricity generation climbing from 2,616 terawatt-hours (TWh) to 3,410 TWh. Nuclear power currently supplies about 9% of the world’s electricity, but this share is set to increase as more countries embrace nuclear for clean, reliable energy.
Small Modular Reactors: The Next Big Thing
One of the most exciting developments in 2025 is the rise of small modular reactors (SMRs). Over 80 SMR designs are in various stages of development, offering new possibilities for clean energy. SMRs are smaller, more flexible, and potentially cheaper than traditional large reactors. They can be deployed in remote locations, integrated with renewable energy systems, or used for industrial applications.
Leading SMR projects include NuScale’s VOYGR in the United States, GE Hitachi’s BWRX-300, Rolls-Royce’s SMR in the UK, and China’s HTR-PM. Russia’s floating nuclear plant and China’s high-temperature reactors are already providing valuable lessons for the industry. While SMRs face regulatory and funding challenges, investment decisions expected in 2025 could accelerate their commercial deployment.
Energy Security and Geopolitical Shifts
Nuclear power is not just about electricity—it is also a strategic tool for energy security. As countries seek to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and protect their energy systems from geopolitical risks, nuclear energy offers a stable, domestically controlled source of power.
The war in Ukraine and tensions in the Middle East have highlighted the dangers of relying on unstable energy supplies. In response, many governments are prioritizing nuclear power as a way to ensure reliable electricity and reduce vulnerability to global shocks. This trend is especially strong in Europe and Asia, where energy security concerns are driving new investments and policy support for nuclear projects.
Decarbonization and Climate Goals
Nuclear energy is a key part of the global push to reduce carbon emissions. Unlike coal or gas, nuclear plants produce electricity with almost no greenhouse gases. As countries set ambitious climate targets for 2030 and beyond, nuclear power is seen as essential for providing low-carbon baseload electricity.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) projects that world nuclear capacity could increase by 2.5 times by 2050 in its high-case scenario, reaching 950 GW. Even in a more conservative scenario, capacity would rise by 40% to 514 GW. Small modular reactors are expected to play a major role, accounting for up to a quarter of new capacity in the high-growth case.
Investment, Policy, and Public Perception
Governments are backing nuclear power with new policies and financial incentives. Canada, for example, has introduced a 30% investment tax credit for clean energy technologies, including SMRs. France has committed to building at least six new large reactors, while Korea aims to have nuclear provide over 30% of its electricity by 2030.
However, challenges remain. Public perception of nuclear safety, regulatory hurdles, and supply chain issues can slow progress. Some countries are still debating the future of nuclear in their energy mix, and the costs of new projects can be high. Despite these obstacles, the momentum for nuclear expansion in 2025 is stronger than it has been in decades.
Common Misconceptions and Challenges
There are several common misconceptions about nuclear power. Some believe it is too dangerous or expensive, while others worry about waste management or the risk of proliferation. In reality, modern reactors are designed with advanced safety features, and lifetime extensions for existing plants are among the most cost-effective ways to produce low-emission electricity.
Nuclear waste is carefully managed and stored, with new technologies under development to reduce long-term risks. International safeguards help prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, and most new reactors are built with non-proliferation in mind.
Future Outlook: A New Era for Nuclear Energy
The outlook for nuclear power in 2025 and beyond is bright. With rising demand for clean, secure energy, ongoing technological innovation, and strong government support, nuclear is set to play a bigger role in the global energy mix. By 2035, nearly 500 GW of nuclear capacity could be in operation worldwide, with SMRs and advanced reactors opening new markets and applications.
As more countries join the nuclear club and existing players expand their fleets, the geopolitical landscape will continue to evolve. Nuclear power’s ability to provide reliable, low-carbon electricity makes it a cornerstone of energy security and climate policy for the coming decades.
Nuclear power is at a turning point in 2025. Driven by energy security concerns, climate goals, and technological advances, countries around the world are investing in new reactors, extending the life of old plants, and exploring the potential of small modular reactors. Global nuclear generation is hitting record highs, and the sector’s momentum is stronger than it has been in decades. As the world faces new energy and geopolitical challenges, nuclear power stands out as a vital part of the solution.